What is hydroponics?
Hydroponics refers to a method where plants are grown not in traditional soil, but in water, or a special substrate and water. Hydroponics is a proven method, especially in professional horticulture, for example in modern greenhouses or in so-called urban farming, i.e., space-saving cultivation systems in urban areas. However, hydroponics can also be easily implemented in your own home. Many popular houseplants can be cultivated in water or in hydroponic substrates instead of soil.
Hydroponics vs. Water Culture
In both hydroponics and water culture, the plant's roots are in water. However, there is a crucial difference. In hydroponics, instead of potting soil, the roots are in a mineral substrate such as expanded clay, which stores water and provides support for the plants. Special hydroponic containers with a water reservoir are usually used for this purpose. In water culture, on the other hand, the plants are actually directly in water, often in glass vases or other decorative containers. The roots are completely surrounded by water, which is why the water should be changed regularly and supplemented with nutrients.
Keeping Plants in Water: Advantages and Disadvantages
If you're considering keeping your plants in water, it's worth looking at the main advantages and disadvantages. Especially for houseplants, this type of cultivation can be low-maintenance and visually appealing. Nevertheless, keeping plants in water comes with certain limitations in addition to some advantages.
Advantages of Hydroponics
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Less frequent watering: The water remains available for longer than in soil, but should be completely changed regularly.
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No soil problems: Soil acidification, compaction, or "suffocation" does not occur.
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Longer lifespan: Under stable conditions, some plants can grow very consistently.
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Lower pest risk: Typical pests like fungus gnats occur significantly less frequently in plants grown in water.
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Efficient nutrient absorption: Water and dissolved nutrients are directly available to the roots.
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Decorative appearance: Glass containers make roots and water level visible and look modern and minimalist.
Disadvantages of Hydroponics
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Not every plant is suitable: Many species are adapted to soil and may only grow to a limited extent in water.
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Regular water changes necessary: Without fresh water, bacteria or rot can form.
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Nutrients must be supplemented: Pure water usually does not contain enough nutrients for long-term growth.
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Roots are more sensitive: In case of oxygen deficiency or poor water quality, roots can rot more quickly.
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Algae formation in glass containers: Light can cause algae to form in the water, which can be visually disturbing.
Planting Hydroponics: What is needed?
- Plant pot or glass vase
- Substrate e.g. expanded clay
- Water level indicator
- Water
- Hydroponic fertilizer
Once you have all the utensils you need to plant your plant hydroponically, you can get started. Carefully remove your plant from its pot and gently loosen the soil from the roots. Rinse the roots thoroughly under lukewarm water to ensure no soil residue remains. This is important to prevent rot and contamination in the water.
Then place the plant in the new container, for example, a hydroponic container or a glass vase. If you want to use expanded clay, first fill the container with it so that the roots are held stable. Also, place the water level indicator directly. After that, you can fill in the water. Otherwise, the container is only filled with water. Then place the plant in a bright location, but preferably without direct, too strong midday sun. This way, it can better adapt to the new conditions.
After Planting: Properly Care for Hydroponics
Hydroponic plants also require regular care. Check the water level regularly. Also, change the water completely about every one to two weeks. If it becomes cloudy or smells unpleasant, it should be replaced immediately. Since pure water does not contain enough nutrients in the long run, you should also regularly use a suitable liquid or hydroponic fertilizer. If you use expanded clay, rinse it occasionally to remove fertilizer residues and deposits. This way, you create optimal conditions for your plant to grow healthily in hydroponics.
Can all plants be grown hydroponically?
that are adaptable and cope well with constantly moist roots. Plants from tropical regions, for example, work particularly well:
- Pothos
- Monstera
- Philodendron
- Peace Lily
- Spider Plant
- Dracaena
- Dieffenbachia
Less suitable, on the other hand, are plants with very sensitive roots or those that prefer very dry conditions, such as many cacti or succulents.
To start, it's best to begin with robust plants. Don't use too much water and make sure to keep the containers clean. With a little attention, the right plant, and some care, hydroponics can be an easy and stylish alternative to classic plant cultivation in soil.
